How To Calculate Area Of A Circle In Matlab

Under the traditional competition analysis of transportation methods, the impact of cargo differences on the competition of different transportation methods is often not considered. The sensitivity of the cargo owner to the price of the goods is positively correlated with the degree of difference of the goods themselves. Therefore, for the transportation company, it is necessary to formulate a competitive strategy that focuses on the differentiation of the goods. Based on this analysis, research on market competition strategies for CR Express and maritime transportation should conduct market segmentation research on the Chinese and European freight markets. Market segmentation was first proposed by Smith , and it has attracted the attention and research of a large number of experts, scholars, and practitioners. Duan et al. divided the market segment by the difference in the selection preference of railway freight customers based on the LC-HB model .

With the aim of minimizing the total operating cost, Wang et al. constructed the optimization operational model of a railway transportation product operating based on the idea of product differentiation . Li aimed at railway bulk cargo transportation, conducted market segmentation based on market factors such as transportation distance and time, and constructed a product system for bulk cargo transportation. Zhang proposed a product development strategy based on a railway dynamic logistics alliance.

Shuai et al. used a BCG matrix to classify railway express freight products into dog products, cash-cow products, and star products, and put forward product marketing strategies. When the subsidy is removed, the price of CR Express trains rose, which led to a corresponding decline in market share for the trains. In the competition between CR Express and maritime transport for highly time-sensitive cargo transportation, the gap between the market share of China–Europe Express and maritime transport narrowed.

At the same time, for China–Europe Express, whether there were subsidies or not, active competition strategies needed to be adopted to improve service levels. Therefore, this research revealed some market development thoughts for CR Express. Since the provided government subsidies gave CR Express a way to decrease its cost, using a service optimizing strategy was the best strategy for CR Express to increase its market share and achieve quick development.

In the context of the Belt and Road Initiative, China Railway Express achieved rapid development. Determining how to achieve effective marking and determining how to adopt the optimal competitive strategy are the main challenges for CR Express operators. By choosing long-distance transportation as the research object, this research established a competitive model between CR Express and maritime transportation based on game theory. First, we determined the participants of this competition.

For CR Express, it was always effective to adopt a service optimizing strategy to improve the service level and earn market share. For maritime transportation, this strategy was effective only for high-value and low-time-sensitiveness goods as well as low value and low-time-sensitiveness goods. As shown in Fig 5, as the evolutionary stable strategy combinations indicated, for CR Express, the service optimization strategy was the best strategy. Since both fruits and laptops were high-time-sensitiveness goods, CR Express maintained its higher competitive advantages, so its evolution trend was similar to the trend shown in Fig 3. The difference was that in the early stage of evolution, the selection probability of maritime transportation increased a little and then decreased and finally stabilized at zero when the selection probability of CR Express was low. In addition, for fruit transportation, compared to laptop transportation, the probability of choosing the service optimization strategy for maritime transportation declined more slowly.

This was because maritime transportation could satisfy the transportation demands with lower prices, so it was more attractive for low-value goods like fruits. Additionally, for high-time-sensitiveness goods like laptops, the goods value was much higher, so the acceptable price would be higher. That was the reason why the market share difference between CR Express and maritime transportation for the fruits transportation market was lower than that of the laptops transportation market share. In the long term, shipping would not adopt service optimization strategies and face competition in a negative way, while CR Express could obtain greater market share through improving service levels. In this study, according to the different characteristics of different freight, we used the theory of quantification III to implement the China-Europe market segmentation. As shown in Fig 4, as the evolutionary stable strategy combinations indicated, for both CR Express and maritime transportation, applying the service optimization strategy was the optimal strategy.

This was because the higher freight rate was acceptable for high-value and low-time-sensitiveness goods based on the higher value of the goods. Therefore, even though maritime transportation provided an advantageous price, the difference between CR Express and shipping was acceptable. Therefore, in the future development of CR Express, the operator of CR Express must consider how to compete with maritime transportation, how to win market share and other issues. Both the government and the operator of CR Express need to take other the optimal strategy to achieve the sustainable development of CR Express.

The aim of this research is to provide operating thoughts for CR Express operators on what optimal competitive strategies there are for the operators to earn market share and achieve sustainable development. Common goods were divided into four types, including high-value and high-time-sensitiveness, high-value and low-time-sensitiveness, low-value and high-time-sensitiveness, and low-value and low-time-sensitiveness goods. In general, the development time of CR Express is relatively short, and the research on CR Express focuses on the problems existing in its own development and the future development planning.

At present, most of the goods between China and Europe are transported by sea. In the future, CR Express still has great development potential, and maritime shipping will be the main competitor of CR Express. However, there is little research on the market segmentation and competition between CR Express and sea transportation, and there is also a lack of dynamic competitive strategy analysis between them. Game theory has been widely used in the field of transportation, but there have been few studies on the application of evolutionary games to the marketing of railway goods.

Based on these analyses, this paper applies evolutionary game theory model to the study of the competition between CR Express and maritime market, and analyzes the competition strategies of the two in different market environments. As a traditional transportation mode, maritime transportation maintains its prime market position due to its low freight rate and comparatively stable service level. To earn market share and achieve coordinated development among China and other related countries, the government provides subsidies to CR Express to face market competition and achieve sustainable development. For long-distance transportation from China to Europe, CR Express and maritime transportation are the main competitors in the transportation market.

However, the increase based on the lower price of CR Express was not sustainable. Once the subsidies gradually decreased, the freight of CR Express would return to a stable price based on market adjustment. This means that the advantages of CR Express that were based on low freight would not exist anymore, and the market competition between both sides would be more intense. Therefore, the strategy of low freight for CR Express to compete with maritime transportation was not sustainable and the transportation demands could not be maintained. In the context of the Belt and Road Initiative, CR Express has attracted funds and transportation demands by providing a new transportation mode from China to Europe.

The rapid growth of CR Express over the past decade is largely due to the subsidies from the Chinese government. In the future, with the gradual reduction of subsidies for CR Express, the competition between CR Express and maritime transportation will be more intense. This article established a competitive game model to determine the competitive strategies of CR Express.

Game participants in this game consisted of CR Express operators, the government, other transportation modes, and consignors. In terms of the competitive strategies, the main types were price strategy, cost strategy, and differentiation strategy. For transportation, the adopted strategies were a price strategy and a differentiation strategy. This research emphasized the differentiation strategy, which was to improve service quality and optimize service. Based on different types of goods, different simulations revealed competitive strategies for both CR Express and maritime transportation.

As shown in Fig 3, as the evolutionary stable strategy combinations indicated, the service optimization strategy was the optimal strategy for CR Express. Additionally for maritime transportation, the profits for the situation of not using service level improvement were greater than those for improving the service level were. Therefore, even if the probability of selecting the service optimization strategy was high in the initial stage, the probability would keep decreasing with time and finally stabilize at zero. Therefore, for the long-term version, CR Express needed to improve service level, while maritime transportation would not improve service positively, and it would face the competition negatively. The market share and profit of CR Express and shipping in different situations is shown in Table 6.

Since the first CR Express traveled from Chongqing to Duisburg in 2011, CR Express has fascinated many domestic researchers in China. In terms of development countermeasures, the researchers mainly put forward the problems existing in the operation of the CR Express by studying the development status of its operations. Zhao and Guo studied the influence of CR Express on international trade by building a gravity model , and they proposed the development plan of CR Express in terms of national cooperation, the logistics level, and competitiveness.

By analyzing the problems existing in the operation of CR Express, Wang et al. put forward relevant suggestions based on the aspects of the logistics network, source organization, and subsidy exit mechanism. After studying the waybill and related procedures of CR Express, Dai believed that the waybill of CR Express had some problems, such as difficulty in filling in, difficulty in claiming compensation, and difficulty in settlement. By studying the current situation of the waybill of CR Express, Sun put forward the method of using the multimodal transport bill of lading in the operation of CR Express. Li analyzed the current situation and existing problems of China-Europe express trains and proposed optimization countermeasures for China-Europe trains under the "One Belt One Road" strategy . Then they put forward specific countermeasures for these problems.

Fig 7 shows that as the price of CR Express increased and the difference of the market share between CR Express and shipping decreased, the carriers of shipping trended towards applying a more positive competition strategy. Therefore, the probability of choosing service optimization increased and finally became stable for the service optimization strategy. The probability rise of shipping was slower than that of CR Express. After the withdrawal of the subsidy, the market competitive advantages of CR Express decreased further, and the market competition between both sides was more intense. For the transport of high-value and time-sensitive goods such as laptops, CR Express had a larger competitive advantage in the market based on its shorter transportation time. With a high service level, CR Express attracted more freight demands.

For high-value and low-time-sensitive goods like auto parts, based on the lower prices, maritime transportation maintained its traditional advantage. For this situation, CR Express had to improve its service to enhance competitiveness to gain a larger market share. Fig 7 evolution trend of laptop transportation competition game presents the evolutionary trend of laptop transportation competition without subsidies. In contrast to the evolutionary trend with subsidies shown in Fig 3, for different initial selection probabilities, the evolutionary stable strategy set was , which could be presented as .

How To Compute Area Of A Circle In Matlab Fig 6 above presents the evolution trend of the industrial parts transportation. With different initial selection probabilities, the evolutionary stability strategy combination of CR Express and maritime transportation was which could be referred to as . Thank you for your last reply and I am ask one other question concerning the matlab code to solve advection diffusion equation using finite element method, please would you have to help on it. Next we can calculate the difference between the Finite Element approximation and the known solution to the poisson equation on the region bounded by the unit circle.

Fig 9 shows the evolutionary trend of the fruit transportation competition game for the non-subsidies situation. Unlike the evolution trend with the subsidy, the evolutionary stability strategy combination was , which was presented as . Fig 8 presents the non-subsidy situation and the evolution trend of the auto parts transportation competition game, which was similar to the evolution trend of the subsidized trend shown in Fig 4.

The evolutionary stability strategy combination was , which could be shown as . Fig 4 shows the evolutionary trend of the competition game of auto parts transportation. For different initial selection probabilities, the evolutionary stability strategy was , which could be presented as . There are several well-known formulas for the areas of simple shapes such as triangles, rectangles, and circles.

Using these formulas, the area of any polygon can be found by dividing the polygon into triangles. For shapes with curved boundary, calculus is usually required to compute the area. Indeed, the problem of determining the area of plane figures was a major motivation for the historical development of calculus. As i determined you sent atefe 2-d wave equation codes,would you please send me too and if you have send me matlab codes for finite element solution of i-d wave equations. It represents diameters of trees, bushes and some other noise. I would like to use this code for detecting diameter of trees as circles.

It is running with your sample images but, for my images it run well and created false circles first. Sorry for multiple questions, do you have any tutorial for object detection in Lidar point cloud? MATLAB can be used to perform operations involving geometric figures like circles, rectangles, squares etc. We will learn how to create various types of circles in MATLAB. We can create solid or plane circles in MATLAB, which we will learn as we go ahead in the article.

We will also learn how to create a circle using the rectangle function. Fig 10 presents the evolution trend of the competition game for industrial parts transportation without subsidies. The trend was roughly the same as the trend with subsidies shown in Fig 6, and the evolutionary stability strategy was , which was .

Fig 3 presents the evolutionary game trend of competition of laptop transportation. For different initial probabilities, the evolutionary stable strategy combinations were shown as . As Table 6 indicates, for auto parts, after improving the service level, the market share of CR Express increased from 39.01% to 49.00%. For fruits, when CR Express did not use the service optimizing strategy, even maritime operators applied the service optimizing strategy, and the market share of the maritime share increased from 17.70% to 18.76%.

For industrial accessories, after improving the service level, the market share of CR Express increased from 37.29% to 46.87%. When both modes were in the same high service level, the difference of the market share was higher than the difference of the low service level. This indicated that improving service was helpful to expanding the competitive advantage. For a transportation service, it was more difficult to change the transportation costs in a short period of time. In addition, the differentiation strategies such as optimizing the service quality and providing logistics services could improve the convenience and flexibility for the consignors and increase market share. Therefore, for operators, the applicable strategies were price strategies and product differentiation strategies.

An evolutionary game is the application of biological evolutionary thought in economics. An evolutionary game is established under the bounded rationality of participants. Each participant is affected by the decisions of other participants, and each participant finally reaches a stable equilibrium state through a dynamic selection mechanism . Wu et al. used an evolutionary game to analyze the evolutionary equilibrium and stability of a horizontally differentiated product and studied the complexity of its evolution. Duan studied the stable strategy of the internal competition of port groups by using the port competing model for single population evolution based on the Bertrand model.

From this plot, we can see that the system is stable for some values of since there are portions of the root locus where both branches are located inside the unit circle. Also, we can observe two dotted lines representing the constant damping ratio and natural frequency. The natural frequency is greater than 0.3 outside the constant-Wn line, and the damping ratio is greater than 0.4 inside the constant-zeta line. In this example, portions of the generated root-locus are within in the desired region. Therefore, a gain () chosen to place the two closed-loop poles on the loci within the desired region should provide us a response that satisfies the given design requirements.

In this blog post I showed you how to use the cv2.HoughCircles function in OpenCV to detect circles in images. Detecting the circles is handled by the cv2.HoughCircles function on Line 17. In this blog post I'll show you how to utilize the cv2.HoughCircles function to detect circles in images using OpenCV. The aim is to plot a circle using center point and radius in MATLAB without using inbuilt functions for plotting.